Tom yum (Lao: ຕົ້ມຍຳ [tom ɲam]; Thai: ต้มยำ, [tom jam], tom yam in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription) is a name for two similar soups originating from Laos and Thailand. The Royal Lao version includes a pinch of rice in the soup, whereas other typical Lao and Thai versions do not include rice as an ingredient. Tom yum is widely served in neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, and has been popularized around the world.Tom yum is characterized by its distinct hot and sour flavors, with fragrant herbs generously used. The basic broth is made of stock and fresh ingredients such as lemon grass, kaffir lime leaves, galangal, lime juice, fish sauce and crushed chili peppers.Tom yum is usually made with prawns (tom yum goong or tom yum kung), chicken (tom yum kai), fish (tom yum pa in Lao and tom yum pla in Thai), or mixed seafood (tom yum thale or tom yum po taek) and mushrooms - usually straw mushrooms or oyster mushrooms. The soup is often topped with generous sprinkling of fresh chopped cilantro (coriander leaves). Sometimes Thai chili jam (nam phrik phao, Thai: น้ำพริกเผา) is added: this gives the soup a bright orange color and makes the chili flavor more pronounced.A more recent variation of tom yum is tom yum nam khon (Thai: ต้มยำน้ำข้น), where a little milk or coconut milk is added to the broth as a finishing touch, and then balanced with some toasted dried chillies. This adaptation is not to be confused with tom kha gai ("chicken galanga soup"), where galanga is the dominant flavour of the coconut milk-based soup. Tom yum nam khon is almost always made with prawns, whereas chicken is often used in tom kha. Its other cousin is less well-known outside Thailand - tom khlong.
Authentic tom yum goong served in Bangkok, Thailand.
Tom yum goong served on traditional Chinese hot-pot
Commercial tom yum paste is made by crushing all the herb ingredients and stir frying in oil. Seasoning and other preservative ingredients are then added. The paste is bottled or packaged, and sold around the world. Tom yum flavored with the paste may have different characteristics from that made with fresh herb ingredients.The 1997 Financial Crisis in Asia, which started in Thailand, is sometimes referred to as the "Tom Yum Goong Crisis"Tom Yum Koong Tai Kitchen
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